Multiprotocol Label Switching is the protocol framework on which the attention of network service provider is focused as it provides privacy and unbreakable security to the users. So, it is used by ISP Backbone Network to form the MPLS Tunneling architecture like MPLS VPN which is discussed in this paper. Providers typically offer this type of service to large corporate customers that require IP connectivity of other remote sites. The main advantage is that MPLS is used over Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols. It also discusses the concept of Traffic Engineering that utilizes Multiprotocol Label Switching and that also proves to be advantageous over IP based Routing. This Paper also discusses various Encryption Techniques which can be used for the security of MPLS Technology.

MOBILE IP IS A PROTOCOL TO SUPPORT THE MOBILITY OF A HOST, CHANGING ITS POINT OF ATTACHMENT TO THE INTERNET. THIS PROTOCOL INTRODUCES DIFFERENT MECHANISMS, TO SUCCESSFULLY ROUTE PACKETS DESTINED TO THE MOBILE NODE [5]. BUT, SOME OF THESE INTRODUCED MECHANISMS SUFFER FROM THE LACK OF PROPER EFFICIENCY. ONE OF THESE MECHANISMS IS TRIANGLE ROUTING. IN THIS METHOD; PACKETS ARE ROUTED TO THE HOME NETWORK OF MN AND THEN TUNNELED TO MOBILE NODE (MN) BY HOME AGENT (HA) [1]. THIS INDIRECT ROUTING IS FAR FROM OPTIMAL, BECAUSE OF THE EXISTENCE OF GREAT DELAY IN DELIVERY OF THE PACKETS TO MN. ROUTE OPTIMIZATION IS A PROTOCOL TO OVERCOME DELAY IN TRIANGLE ROUTING. IN ROUTE OPTIMIZATION, MN INFORMS CORRESPONDENT NODE (CN) WITH ITS CURRENT LOCATION AND THEN, THE PACKETS ARE DIRECTLY SENT TO MN BY CORRESPONDENT NODE [1], [4]. IN THIS SIMULATION, WE HAVE COMPARED LINEAR AND STAR TOPOLOGIES WITH & WITHOUT ROUTE OPTIMIZATION. WE HAVE USED NETWORK SIMULATOR (NS) AND MOBIWAN, TO VERIFY SIMULATION RESULTS [2], [3]. IT IS NOTICEABLE THAT, DIFFERENT SIMULATIONS REGARDING DELAY PERFORMANCE OF ROUTE OPTIMIZATION, HAVE BEEN DONE BY DIFFERENT GROUPS, BUT MOST OF THEM HAVE USED UNREAL TOPOLOGY MODELS. TOPOLOGY MODEL HAS IMPORTANT EFFECTS ON RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION. GT-ITM MODEL HAS BEEN USED IN OUR TOPOLOGIES FOR HAVING A BETTER JUDGMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF ROUTE OPTIMIZATION. FEATURES OF THIS MODEL WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THIS PAPER [6]. BY EVALUATING THE RESULTS OF THE SIMULATION, WE FOUND THAT, JITTER IS NOT JUST THE FUNCTION OF ROUTE OPTIMIZATION. THE STRUCTURE OF TOPOLOGY ALSO, HAS SOME IMPORTANT EFFECTS ON IT. FINALLY WE CONCLUDED THAT, ROUTE OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES IN STAR TOPOLOGY, REDUCES JITTER, BUT THE SAME STRATEGIES IN LINEAR MODEL INCREASE JITTER. NOTE THAT ROUTE OPTIMIZATION IMPROVES DELAY, REGARDLESS OF THE TOPOLOGY USED.

THROUGH LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF SOME SELECTED SAMPLES OF THE STUDY AREA AND BY NUMERICAL CALCULATION, A GEOPHYSICAL MODEL AT THE TANGHUPING DISTRICT WAS BUILT. GRADIENT AND POLE-DIPOLE DUAL-FREQUENCY IP WERE USED TO ACQUIRE DATA. INTERPRETATION OF THE PROCESSED DATA SHOWS A PROSPEROUS GOLD MINERALIZATION ZONE IN THE EAST OF THE STUDY AREA.